miércoles, 20 de abril de 2016

DOG IN THE BIBLE

Israelite attitudes toward dogs

heseding-joshua-caleb
Dogs in the Bible were not well loved. To be called a dog was to be associated with evil and low status. Therefore it is surprising that Caleb, one of the great Hebrew spies, means “dog” in Hebrew. Pictured is a stone relief created in 1958 by sculptor Ferdinand Heseding. The relief, which appears on a fountain in Dusseldorf, Germany, depicts the Biblical spies Joshua and Caleb carrying a cluster of grapes back from the Promised Land (Numbers 13:1-33).
Everyone loves dogs—don’t they? Dogs—orceleb in Hebrew—are humanity’s best friends. We welcome them into our homes, we walk them, feed them, clean up after them and excuse their bad behavior. But in ancient Israel, people had an entirely different view of dogs.
Of the more than 400 breeds of dogs around today, all came from the same ancestor—wolves. Dogs were first domesticated perhaps as far back as 12,000 years ago. Because dogs are the only animals with the ability to bark, they became useful for hunting and herding. Dogs in the Bible were used for these purposes (Isaiah 56:11; Job 30:1).
There is evidence in the Bible that physical violence toward dogs was considered acceptable (1 Samuel 17:43; Proverbs 26:17). To compare a human to a dog or to call them a dog was to imply that they were of very low status (2 Kings 8:13; Exodus 22:31; Deuteronomy 23:18; 2 Samuel 3:8; Proverbs 26:11; Ecclesiastes 9:4; 2 Samuel 9:8; 1 Samuel 24:14). In the New Testament, calling a human a dog meant that the person was considered evil (Philemon 3:2; Revelation 22:15).
 

 
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Some scholars hypothesize that the negative feelings expressed in the ancient Near East toward dogs was because in those days, dogs often ran wild and usually in packs. Dogs in the Bible exhibited predatory behavior in their quest for survival, which included the eating of dead bodies (1 Kings 14:11; 16:4; 21:19, 23-24; 22:38; 2 Kings 9:10, 36; 1 Kings 21:23).
There is archaeological evidence, such as figurines, pictures and even collars, that demonstrates that Israel’s neighbors kept dogs as pets, but from the skeletal remains found within the Levant, the domestication of dogs did not happen until the Persian and Hellenistic periods within Israel.
The word for dog in Hebrew is celeb, from which the name Caleb derives. Due to the negative attribution of dogs for the ancient Israelites, it is surprising that one of the great Hebrew spies bears this name. As the Israelites were preparing to enter the land of Canaan, Moses called a chieftain from each tribe to go before them and scout the land. Caleb was the representative of the tribe of Judah. When these spies returned, they reported that the land surpassed expectation but that the people who live there would be mighty foes. The Israelites did not want to go and face the peoples of Canaan, but Caleb stepped forward and urged them to proceed. After more exhortation from MosesAaron and Joshua, the people relented. Caleb was rewarded for his faith: Joshua gave him Hebron as an inheritance (Numbers 14:24; Joshua 14:14).

LIVRO: O ANJO DE QUATRO PATAS


 
Este livro pode ser comprado em vários sites da internet como o amazon.com e o link abaixo: https://clubedeautores.com.br/book/196286--O_ANJO_DE_QUATRO_PATAS?topic=realismofantastico#.VxgH5PkrLIU

Cover_front_perspective
Número de páginas: 222 

Edição: 1(2015) 

ISBN: 978-1518677663 

Formato: A5 148x210 

Coloração: Preto e branco 

Acabamento: Brochura c/ orelha 

Tipo de papel: Offset 75g

Esta é a história de um cão, um homem e um anjo. Talvez para você será apenas uma história fantasiosa sobre um animal de estimação, mas para mim, foi muito mais do que isto. Enquanto estou escrevendo estas palavras, o corpo sem vida do meu anjo está no carro, esperando para o sepultamento digno que farei amanhã a cem quilômetros daqui. Estou mergulhado em sentimentos como: agradecimento, gratidão, doces lembranças e nostalgia. Este livro pode ser classificado como realismo fantástico, porque parte do livro é expressão dos meus sentimentos e lembranças e parte do livro é sensorial, ao longo dos anos eu e a cadela conversávamos através do pensamento, por telepatia. As pessoas são livres para acreditarem ou não no que quiser, inclusive na história que eu vivi com a Doutora. Eva conversou com a serpente, Balaão com a mula e eu com um cachorro. Estas histórias são reais. As pessoas tem impulso de rejeitar o que não conhece. Não peço que acredite, apenas leia a minha história.